Cognitive decline is a normal part of aging, but it can also be caused by medical conditions like Alzheimer's disease. As we get older, changes in the brain can lead to issues with memory, language, thinking, and judgment. Mild cognitive decline is common, but more severe issues can impact daily life.
There are a few key things that happen in the brain as we age:
- Shrinkage - The brain physically shrinks, especially the hippocampus, which is vital for memory. This causes some loss of brain cells.
- Plaque buildup - Beta-amyloid protein clumps into plaques between nerve cells, interfering with cell function. Tau protein also builds up and forms tangles inside nerve cells.
- Vascular changes - Blood vessels in the brain can narrow, reducing blood flow. This starves brain cells of oxygen and nutrients.
- Neurotransmitter disruption - Chemical messengers like acetylcholine and dopamine decline, impacting memory and thinking skills.
These physical brain changes result in common symptoms like:
- Forgetfulness - Misplacing items, forgetting appointments
- Difficulty learning new information - Trouble learning new skills or remembering conversations
- Slower thinking - Taking longer to do routine tasks or answer questions
- Confusion - Getting lost in familiar places, disorientation
- Difficulty with language - Trouble finding the right words
- Poor judgment - Making questionable or unsafe decisions
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition where people have more significant decline than normal aging but can still function independently. Around
15-20% of adults over 65 have MCI. With MCI, daily life is impacted but not drastically disrupted. It can be a transitional stage before dementia.
If you're concerned about cognitive decline, there are steps you can take! Leading a mentally and physically active lifestyle can build cognitive reserve. You can also talk to your doctor about medications that support brain health, like
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With proactive steps, healthy habits, and advanced care when needed, the impacts of cognitive decline can be reduced. Aging brains still have plasticity. Focus on staying engaged socially and intellectually. Seek treatment for medical issues that affect the brain. And consider hormone therapy to support optimal cognitive function. With vigilance and care for your brain health, you can keep your mind sharper for longer!